Radical Nephrectomy: A Guide to Kidney Removal Surgery
What Is a Radical Nephrectomy?
A radical nephrectomy is a type of kidney surgery where the entire kidney is removed. In many cases, the procedure also involves the removal of:
The adrenal gland (located on top of the kidney)
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidney
Nearby lymph nodes (depending on the situation)
This surgery is typically done to treat kidney cancer, especially if the tumor is large or has spread to surrounding tissues.
When Is Radical Nephrectomy Recommended?
Doctors may recommend a radical nephrectomy for several conditions, including:
Kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma)
This is the most common reason, especially if the tumor cannot be removed with a partial nephrectomy.Large or complex kidney tumors
When tumors are centrally located or involve critical structures, removing the entire kidney may be safer.Severe trauma or damage
If a kidney is badly injured and beyond repair.Non-cancerous but dangerous conditions
Like persistent bleeding, infection, or chronic pain when other treatments fail.
Types of Radical Nephrectomy
Radical nephrectomy can be performed using different surgical approaches:
1. Open Nephrectomy
Involves a larger incision on the side or abdomen
Allows direct access to the kidney and nearby structures
Often used for very large tumors or complex cases
2. Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Minimally invasive
Uses small incisions and a camera to guide the surgeon
Faster recovery and less pain post-surgery
Frequently asked questions
Before Surgery
You’ll undergo several evaluations including:
Blood and urine tests
Imaging scans (CT, MRI)
Heart and lung function assessments
Your healthcare team will give you detailed instructions on fasting, medications, and what to bring on the day of surgery.
During Surgery
You’ll receive general anesthesia
The procedure typically takes 2–4 hours
The surgical team will carefully remove the kidney and associated tissues
After Surgery
Hospital stay: Usually 2–4 days, depending on the surgical method
Pain management: Through IV or oral medications
Walking and movement: Encouraged early to prevent complications
Return to normal activity: Typically within 4–6 weeks
As with any major surgery, radical nephrectomy comes with potential risks:
Infection or bleeding
Blood clots
Injury to nearby organs (e.g., bowel, spleen)
Hernia at the incision site
Reduced kidney function (especially if the remaining kidney isn’t healthy)
Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you in detail based on your specific case.
The human body can function well with just one kidney. After recovery, most people:
Lead normal, active lives
Need regular follow-ups to monitor kidney function
Should avoid overuse of certain medications (like NSAIDs)
Should adopt a kidney-friendly lifestyle (hydration, blood pressure control, healthy diet)
If you had cancer, your care team will also continue to monitor for any signs of recurrence or metastasis.