Understanding Nephrectomy
A nephrectomy is the surgical removal of a kidney. Humans typically have two kidneys, and in many cases, one can function well enough on its own to support a healthy life. The procedure can be:
Partial (or nephron-sparing nephrectomy): Only the diseased or damaged part of the kidney is removed.
Radical (or total nephrectomy): The entire kidney is removed, sometimes along with the adrenal gland and nearby tissue or lymph nodes.
Simple nephrectomy: Only the kidney is removed, without adjacent structures.
The surgery can be done using traditional open surgery or minimally invasive methods such as laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery, which generally result in shorter recovery times and less pain.
Why Is a Nephrectomy Performed?
There are several medical reasons for performing a nephrectomy:
- Kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma)
- Severe kidney damage from infection, trauma, or disease
- Living kidney donation for transplantation
- Congenital kidney defects (e.g., polycystic kidney disease causing pain or dysfunction)
Frequently asked questions
A nephrectomy is a life-saving procedure for many patients with kidney disease or cancer. Advances in minimally invasive techniques have made recovery faster and safer. If you or a loved one is facing this surgery, consult a urologist or nephrologist to discuss the best approach.
Before Surgery
Your doctor will conduct blood tests, imaging scans (CT/MRI), and a physical exam.
You may need to stop certain medications (like blood thinners) before surgery.
Fasting for several hours before the procedure is usually required.
During Surgery
General anesthesia is administered.
The surgeon makes an incision (open surgery) or small keyhole incisions (laparoscopic/robotic surgery).
The kidney (or part of it) is carefully removed, and the incision is closed with stitches.
After Surgery
Hospital stay: 1–4 days (longer for open surgery).
Pain management with medications.
Gradual return to normal activities over 4–6 weeks.
Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery:
Laparoscopic/Robotic Nephrectomy: 2–4 weeks for light activities, 4–6 weeks for heavy lifting.
Open Nephrectomy: 6–8 weeks for full recovery.
Post-Surgery Care Tips
✅ Follow your doctor’s instructions on wound care.
✅ Stay hydrated to support your remaining kidney.
✅ Avoid strenuous activities until cleared by your doctor.
✅ Monitor for complications like fever, excessive pain, or swelling.
Most people live healthy lives with one kidney. However, you may need:
Regular check-ups to monitor kidney function.
A balanced diet low in sodium and protein to reduce kidney strain.
Blood pressure management to protect your remaining kidney.